board
英 [b??d]
美[b?rd]
- n. 董事會；木板；甲板；膳食
- vt. 上（飛機、車、船等）；用板蓋上；給提供膳宿
- vi. 寄宿
- n. (Board)人名；(英、西)博德
CET4TEM4IELTS考研TOEFLCET6中高頻詞基本詞匯
詞態(tài)變化
復(fù)數(shù):?boards;第三人稱單數(shù):?boards;過去式:?boarded;過去分詞:?boarded;現(xiàn)在分詞:?boarding;
中文詞源
board 板，委員會
來自PIE *bherdh, 砍?？赡茏罱K詞源同break. 指砍下的木板。并由木板引申出膳宿，委員會，登機，登船等諸多詞義。
英文詞源
- board
- board: [OE] Old English bord had a wide range of meanings, whose two main strands (‘plank’ and ‘border, side of a ship’) reveal that it came from two distinct sources: Germanic *bortham and *borthaz respectively (despite their similarity, they have not been shown to be the same word). Related forms in other Germanic languages that point up the dichotomy are Dutch bord ‘shelf’ and boord ‘border, side of a ship’.
The second, ‘edge’ element of board (which is probably related to border) now survives in English only in seaboard (literally the ‘edge of the sea’) and in variations on the phrase on board ship (whose original reference to the ship’s sides is nowadays perceived as relating to the deck). Board ‘food’ (as in ‘board and lodging’), and hence boarder, are metaphorical applications of board ‘table’.
=> border - board (n.1)
- Old English bord "a plank, flat surface," from Proto-Germanic *burdam (cognates: Old Norse bore "plank," Dutch bord "board," Gothic fotu-baurd "foot-stool," German Brett "plank"), from PIE *bhrdh- "board," from root *bherdh- "to cut." See also board (n.2), with which this is so confused as practically to form one word (if indeed they were not the same word all along).
A board is thinner than a plank, and generally less than 2.5 inches thick. The transferred meaning "food" (late 14c.) is an extension of the late Old English sense of "table" (compare boarder, boarding); hence, also, above board "honest, open" (1610s). A further extension is to "table where council is held" (1570s), then transferred to "leadership council, council (that meets at a table)," 1610s. - board (n.2)
- "side of ship," Old English bord "border, rim, ship's side," from Proto-Germanic *bordaz (cognates: Old Saxon bord, Dutch boord, German Bord, Old High German bart, Old Norse bare), perhaps from the same source as board (n.1), but not all sources accept this. Connected to border; see also starboard.
If not etymologically related to board (n.1), the two forms represented in English by these words were nonetheless confused at an early date in most Germanic languages, a situation made worse in English because this Germanic root also was adopted as Medieval Latin bordus (source of Italian and Spanish bordo). It also entered Old French as bort "beam, board, plank; side of a ship" (12c., Modern French bord), either from Medieval Latin or Frankish, and from thence it came over with the Normans to mingle with its native cousins. By now the senses are inextricably tangled. Some etymology dictionaries treat them as having been the same word all along. - board (v.)
- verb senses derived from various senses of board (n.1) and board (n.2) include "come alongside" (a ship), mid-15c. (from n.2); "put boards on, frame with boards," late 14c. (implied in boarded, from n.1); " to get onto" (a ship), 1590s, transferred from mid-19c. to stages, railway cars, aircraft, etc. (from n.2). Meaning "to be supplied with food and lodging" is from 1550s (from n.1 in transferred sense). Transitive meaning "provide with daily meals and lodging" is from 1590s. Related: Boarded; boarding.
雙語例句
- 1. You get a big salary incentive and free board and lodging too.
- 你們能獲得大筆激勵性薪水，還可享受免費膳宿。
來自柯林斯例句
- 2. Free room and board are provided for all hotel staff.
- 賓館的所有員工都可享受免費膳宿。
來自柯林斯例句
- 3. Make sure the draining board, sink and plug hole are regularly disinfected.
- 滴水板、水槽和塞孔一定要定期消毒。
來自柯林斯例句
- 4. The Board is scrupulous in its consideration of all applications for licences.
- 委員會對所有申請許可證的人予以審慎考慮。
來自柯林斯例句
- 5. The Board had been slow to render its verdict.
- 董事會遲遲未能作出決定。
來自柯林斯例句